MAIN VERBS, AUXILIARIES VERBS.
Los verbos se dividen en dos categorias: MAIN VERBS o verbos principales
AUXILIARIES VERBS o verbos auxiliares
Los verbos se dividen en dos categorias: MAIN VERBS o verbos principales
AUXILIARIES VERBS o verbos auxiliares
AUXILIARIES VERBS
He is working now. He isn´t work now
! ! ! !
AUX MAIN AUX MAIN
He is working now. He isn´t work now
! ! ! !
AUX MAIN AUX MAIN
He can swin very well He can't swin very well
! ! ! !
AUX MAIN AUX MAIN
! ! ! !
AUX MAIN AUX MAIN
VERBS
MAIN VERBS
He works in an office He don´t work in an office
! ! !
MAIN AUX MAIN
MAIN VERBS
He works in an office He don´t work in an office
! ! !
MAIN AUX MAIN
He saw very well He didn't swin very well
! ! !
MAIN AUX MAIN
! ! !
MAIN AUX MAIN
IMPORTANTE: Hay tres verbos que pueden ser utilizados como verbo MAIN y AUXILIAR
- TO BE he is a teacher he isn´t a teacher
! !
MAIN MAIN
! !
MAIN MAIN
- TO HAVE he has a red car he doesn´t have a red car
! ! !
MAIN AUX MAIN
he has been to England he hasn't been to England
! ! ! !
AUX MAIN AUX MAIN
! ! !
MAIN AUX MAIN
he has been to England he hasn't been to England
! ! ! !
AUX MAIN AUX MAIN
- TO DO he does his homework he doesn't do his homework
! ! !
MAIN AUX MAIN
! ! !
MAIN AUX MAIN
BE, HAVE, DO son verbos auxiliares cuando después le sigue el verbo principal
en su forma negativa se convierten en auxiliares. ISN'T/ DON'T / HAVEN'T
en su forma negativa se convierten en auxiliares. ISN'T/ DON'T / HAVEN'T
3B present simple ?
- Utilizamos el auxiliar do o (does con he, she, it) para hacer preguntas.
Ej.: Do you work at home? / Does she play tennis?
- Do y does pueden ser:
1- Auxiliar del verbo cuando lo utilizamos para hacer preguntas en el presente simple
Ej.: Do you listen to radio? / Does he have a car?
2- Verbo hacer
Ej.: I do my homework every day / He does exercise in the evening
- El orden del presente simple en su forma interrogativa es ASI = Auxiliar verbo, Sujeto e Infinitivo
Ej.: Do you work today? / Does she read a book at work?
- Utilizamos el auxiliar do o (does con he, she, it) para hacer preguntas.
Ej.: Do you work at home? / Does she play tennis?
- Do y does pueden ser:
1- Auxiliar del verbo cuando lo utilizamos para hacer preguntas en el presente simple
Ej.: Do you listen to radio? / Does he have a car?
2- Verbo hacer
Ej.: I do my homework every day / He does exercise in the evening
- El orden del presente simple en su forma interrogativa es ASI = Auxiliar verbo, Sujeto e Infinitivo
Ej.: Do you work today? / Does she read a book at work?
3C Word order in questions?
- El orden en la forma interrogativa del presente simple con el auxiliar do o does es ASI (auxiliar, sujeto, infinitivo) o QASI (question, auxiliar, sujeto, infinitivo.
Ej.: ASI- Do you work this sunday? / Does she play tennis tomorrow?
QASI- What do you do? / Where does he live?
- El orden en la forma interrogativa con el verbo to be ,el verbo to be se pone antes que el sujeto.
Ej.: Where are you from? / What is your name? / Is he Spanish?
- El orden en la forma interrogativa del presente simple con el auxiliar do o does es ASI (auxiliar, sujeto, infinitivo) o QASI (question, auxiliar, sujeto, infinitivo.
Ej.: ASI- Do you work this sunday? / Does she play tennis tomorrow?
QASI- What do you do? / Where does he live?
- El orden en la forma interrogativa con el verbo to be ,el verbo to be se pone antes que el sujeto.
Ej.: Where are you from? / What is your name? / Is he Spanish?
Modal Verbs son un grupo de verbos dentro de los auxiliares.
MUST / CAN/ MAY/ WOULD/ WILL/ SHOULD
su característica común es que NUNCA van acompañados de To, ni antes ni después
SIEMPRE aparecen en frases afirmativas
MUST / CAN/ MAY/ WOULD/ WILL/ SHOULD
su característica común es que NUNCA van acompañados de To, ni antes ni después
SIEMPRE aparecen en frases afirmativas
c) GRAMMAR BANK 1C present continous: be + verb+ ing. Pag.126
- Usamos el presente continuo o progresivo para:
1 las cosas o hechos que están ocurriendo en el momento, justo ahora
Ej.: I'm sending a message to Sarah
2 por cosas o hechos que aun siendo temporales están sucediendo ahora, esta semana, etc
Ej.: My brother is doing a two-month course in the UK.
3 Para describir un cuadro o una fotografia o hacemos una descripción de algo
In this picture the woman is standing near the window
- Formas del presente continuo
Afirmativa I´m working/ You-We-They are working/ He, She, It is working
Negativa I'm not working/ You-We-They aren't working/ He, She, It isn't working
Interrogativa Are you-we-they working?/ Is he-she-it working?
Resp. Afirmativa Yes, I am/ Yes, we-they are/ Yes, he-she-it is
Resp. Negativa No, I'm not/ No, we-they aren't/ No, he-she-it isn't
- Reglas de ortografia para la forma -ing
Al verbo se le añada la terminación -ing al final. Ej.: cook - cooking / study -studying
Si el verbo termina en "e" se quita la "e" y se añade ing al final. Ej.: live - living/ use- using
Duplicamos la última consonante y se añade -ing al final cuando se dan estos tres casos juntos:
1- verbos monosílabos o cuando teniendo dos silabas tiene la pronunciación la ultima silaba
2- El verbo termina en consonante
3- La terminación del verbo tiene una sola vocal antes de la consonante final
+ Hay una excepción a las tres reglas:
Un verbo tiene dos sílabas y la pronunciación fuerte en la primera sílaba y termina en "l"
Ej.: travel - present continuous travelling (GB) / traveling (US)
run - running
- Diferencia entre el presente simple y el presente continuo:
1- Present simple para cosas o hechos que son ciertos o que ocurren siempre
Ej.: What do you do? I work for Microsoft
2- Present continuous para hechos o acciones que ocurren ahora, en este momento
Ej: What are you doing? I´m checking my emails
3- Present simple cuando usamos verbos que describe estados de ánimo o sentimientos
(no verbos de acción) want, need, like siempre en PRESENT SIMPLE
Ej.: I want a cup of tea/ I like this house/ I need money
- El present continuous está formado siempre por dos verbos
Ej.: He is standing near the door.
- Usamos el presente continuo o progresivo para:
1 las cosas o hechos que están ocurriendo en el momento, justo ahora
Ej.: I'm sending a message to Sarah
2 por cosas o hechos que aun siendo temporales están sucediendo ahora, esta semana, etc
Ej.: My brother is doing a two-month course in the UK.
3 Para describir un cuadro o una fotografia o hacemos una descripción de algo
In this picture the woman is standing near the window
- Formas del presente continuo
Afirmativa I´m working/ You-We-They are working/ He, She, It is working
Negativa I'm not working/ You-We-They aren't working/ He, She, It isn't working
Interrogativa Are you-we-they working?/ Is he-she-it working?
Resp. Afirmativa Yes, I am/ Yes, we-they are/ Yes, he-she-it is
Resp. Negativa No, I'm not/ No, we-they aren't/ No, he-she-it isn't
- Reglas de ortografia para la forma -ing
Al verbo se le añada la terminación -ing al final. Ej.: cook - cooking / study -studying
Si el verbo termina en "e" se quita la "e" y se añade ing al final. Ej.: live - living/ use- using
Duplicamos la última consonante y se añade -ing al final cuando se dan estos tres casos juntos:
1- verbos monosílabos o cuando teniendo dos silabas tiene la pronunciación la ultima silaba
2- El verbo termina en consonante
3- La terminación del verbo tiene una sola vocal antes de la consonante final
+ Hay una excepción a las tres reglas:
Un verbo tiene dos sílabas y la pronunciación fuerte en la primera sílaba y termina en "l"
Ej.: travel - present continuous travelling (GB) / traveling (US)
run - running
- Diferencia entre el presente simple y el presente continuo:
1- Present simple para cosas o hechos que son ciertos o que ocurren siempre
Ej.: What do you do? I work for Microsoft
2- Present continuous para hechos o acciones que ocurren ahora, en este momento
Ej: What are you doing? I´m checking my emails
3- Present simple cuando usamos verbos que describe estados de ánimo o sentimientos
(no verbos de acción) want, need, like siempre en PRESENT SIMPLE
Ej.: I want a cup of tea/ I like this house/ I need money
- El present continuous está formado siempre por dos verbos
Ej.: He is standing near the door.
- El present simple generalmente se usa cuando la frase tiene adverbios de frecuencia
Ej.: We normally eat out/ Do you usually cook at weekends?
- El present continuous siempre utiliza como minimo dos verbos
Ej.: He is going to work
Ej.: We normally eat out/ Do you usually cook at weekends?
- El present continuous siempre utiliza como minimo dos verbos
Ej.: He is going to work
- TO LIKE + │- noun phrase. Ej.: He likes football / I like your black dress
│ noun noun
│
│- verb + ing. Ej.: He likes playing football
│ present simple
│
│- to infinitive. Ej.: He likes to play football
│ infinitive
│
│He would │
│ │ like to play football
│ He'd │
│ noun noun
│
│- verb + ing. Ej.: He likes playing football
│ present simple
│
│- to infinitive. Ej.: He likes to play football
│ infinitive
│
│He would │
│ │ like to play football
│ He'd │
- Go to + verbo-ing + verb es la construcción de FUTURO
- I'll = I will. Utilizamos I'll + verbo para ofrecer hacer algo(verbo en forma de present simple)
Ej.: I'll open the door for you - I will open the door for you
Ej.: I'll open the door for you - I will open the door for you
- to go │camping │es una actividad no un sitio. Ej.: I go camping (voy de acampada)
│ swimming │ I go a campsite (voy a un sitio de donde acampar)
│ shopping │
- to go sightsee es verbo intransitivo / sightseeing es la actividad del verbo
- to go abroad ir al extranjero
│ swimming │ I go a campsite (voy a un sitio de donde acampar)
│ shopping │
- to go sightsee es verbo intransitivo / sightseeing es la actividad del verbo
- to go abroad ir al extranjero
I didn't show them to everyone she just didn't want to pay for anything
│ │ │ │
aux past infinitive aux past infinitive
Did you show them to everyone?
│ │
aux past infinitive
normal verbs ? aux past ... main verb infinitive Ej.: Did you want to go home?
- aux past negative ... main verb infinitive Ej.: You didn't want to go home
with was/were ? was/were ES main verb Ej.: Was Venice magical?
- wasn't/ weren't ES main verb Ej.: Venice wasn't magical, venice was horrible
with could ? could ... main verb infinitive Ej.: Could you help to him?
- couldn't ... main verb inifnitive Ej.: You couldn't help to him
│ │ │ │
aux past infinitive aux past infinitive
Did you show them to everyone?
│ │
aux past infinitive
normal verbs ? aux past ... main verb infinitive Ej.: Did you want to go home?
- aux past negative ... main verb infinitive Ej.: You didn't want to go home
with was/were ? was/were ES main verb Ej.: Was Venice magical?
- wasn't/ weren't ES main verb Ej.: Venice wasn't magical, venice was horrible
with could ? could ... main verb infinitive Ej.: Could you help to him?
- couldn't ... main verb inifnitive Ej.: You couldn't help to him
- ANNOTATIONS
El auxiliar informa que la frase es una pregunta o una negación del verbo
Did you go to Venice? You didn't go to Venice
= Past simple: regular and irregular verbs
El pasado del verbo to be es was (1ª y 3ªpersona singular) o were. Ej. I was in the market
Forma negativa se añade not. Ej. I was not (wasn't) in Tokyo the last summer
Forma interrogativa se invierte el orden del sujeto y el verbo. Ej.: Were you in Tokio?
Los verbos regulares se les añade -ed o -d en el pasado simple. Ej. I booked a room/ I liked eat
Los verbos irregulares cambian su forma en el pasado simple.Ej:I bought a car/I went in Tokyo
- Los verbos regulares y los irregulares (excepto can) utilizan;
- didn't + infinitivo para hacer la forma negativa Ej.: I didn't like it / She didn't see him
- did + sujeto + infinitivo para hacer la forma interrogativa Ej.: Did you want to come?
- Can/could
El pasado de can es could. Se añade not para hacer el negativo.
Ej. I couldn't find my glasses
La forma interrogativa se hace cambiando el orden del sujeto y el verbo.
Ej, ; Could you use you mobile on the mountain?
= There is/ there are, some/ any + sustantivos plurales
Utilizamos there is/there are para expresar que algo o alguien existe. Ej.: there is a garage
Usamos la forma there is con sustantivos en singular y there are con sustantivos plurales
Ej.: there is a pencil / There are pencils
There is generalmente se contrae there's, la forma there are no se contrae
Ej.: there's a pencil
El pasado del verbo to be es was (1ª y 3ªpersona singular) o were. Ej. I was in the market
Forma negativa se añade not. Ej. I was not (wasn't) in Tokyo the last summer
Forma interrogativa se invierte el orden del sujeto y el verbo. Ej.: Were you in Tokio?
Los verbos regulares se les añade -ed o -d en el pasado simple. Ej. I booked a room/ I liked eat
Los verbos irregulares cambian su forma en el pasado simple.Ej:I bought a car/I went in Tokyo
- Los verbos regulares y los irregulares (excepto can) utilizan;
- didn't + infinitivo para hacer la forma negativa Ej.: I didn't like it / She didn't see him
- did + sujeto + infinitivo para hacer la forma interrogativa Ej.: Did you want to come?
- Can/could
El pasado de can es could. Se añade not para hacer el negativo.
Ej. I couldn't find my glasses
La forma interrogativa se hace cambiando el orden del sujeto y el verbo.
Ej, ; Could you use you mobile on the mountain?
= There is/ there are, some/ any + sustantivos plurales
Utilizamos there is/there are para expresar que algo o alguien existe. Ej.: there is a garage
Usamos la forma there is con sustantivos en singular y there are con sustantivos plurales
Ej.: there is a pencil / There are pencils
There is generalmente se contrae there's, la forma there are no se contrae
Ej.: there's a pencil
* IRREGULAR VERBS
present past simple past participle
be │ was/weree │ been
become │ became │ become
begin │ began │ begun
break │ broke │ broken
bring │ brought │ brought
build │ built │ built
buy │ bought │ bought
can │ could │ -----
catch │ caught │ caught
choose │ chose │ chosen
come │ came │ come
cost │ cost │ cost
cut │cut │ cut
present past simple past participle
be │ was/weree │ been
become │ became │ become
begin │ began │ begun
break │ broke │ broken
bring │ brought │ brought
build │ built │ built
buy │ bought │ bought
can │ could │ -----
catch │ caught │ caught
choose │ chose │ chosen
come │ came │ come
cost │ cost │ cost
cut │cut │ cut
2A past simple: regular and irregular verbs
- Usamos el past simple para hablar de acciones ocurridas en el pasado
Ej.: I went to office
- La forma del past simple es igual para todas las personas, excepto en el verbo TO BE
Ej: I worked the last Sunday/ You worked yesterday/ I was born / You were born
- Construimos el past simple para frases afirmativas de los verbos regulares se añade -ed
Ej.: I wanted go to San Francisco
- Muchos verbos tienen una forma irregular en el past simple
Ej: I buy a pencil / I bought a pencil yesterday
- Las frases negativas se utiliza el infinitivo después de didn't y las interrogativas Did...?
Ej: I didn't go by bus / Did you go by bus?
- Usamos ASI(aux,subj,infinitive)/QUASI (question, aux, subject, infinitive)para interrogativas
Ej.: Did you eat fish? / Where did you eat fish yesterday?
- Normas gramaticales para los verbos regulares en past simple
/ Se añade -ed al final del verbo
Ej.: work --- worked / want --- wanted / look --- looked
/ Se añade -d si el verbo termina en "e"
Ej.: like --- liked
/ Se añade -ied cuando el verbo termina en "cons+Y", se quita la "Y" y se añade -ied
Ej.: study --- studied
/ Se duplica la consonante final + -ed si el verbo termina consonante-vocal-consonante
Ej.: stop --- stopped /
- Usamos el past simple para hablar de acciones ocurridas en el pasado
Ej.: I went to office
- La forma del past simple es igual para todas las personas, excepto en el verbo TO BE
Ej: I worked the last Sunday/ You worked yesterday/ I was born / You were born
- Construimos el past simple para frases afirmativas de los verbos regulares se añade -ed
Ej.: I wanted go to San Francisco
- Muchos verbos tienen una forma irregular en el past simple
Ej: I buy a pencil / I bought a pencil yesterday
- Las frases negativas se utiliza el infinitivo después de didn't y las interrogativas Did...?
Ej: I didn't go by bus / Did you go by bus?
- Usamos ASI(aux,subj,infinitive)/QUASI (question, aux, subject, infinitive)para interrogativas
Ej.: Did you eat fish? / Where did you eat fish yesterday?
- Normas gramaticales para los verbos regulares en past simple
/ Se añade -ed al final del verbo
Ej.: work --- worked / want --- wanted / look --- looked
/ Se añade -d si el verbo termina en "e"
Ej.: like --- liked
/ Se añade -ied cuando el verbo termina en "cons+Y", se quita la "Y" y se añade -ied
Ej.: study --- studied
/ Se duplica la consonante final + -ed si el verbo termina consonante-vocal-consonante
Ej.: stop --- stopped /
a) Cuando el verbo acaba en sonido "t" o "d" no se añade ninguna sílaba al pronunciar
Cuando acaba en sonido "id" y el verbo acaba en "-ted" o "-ded"
y se le añade una sílaba en la pronunciación
Cuando acaba en sonido "id" y el verbo acaba en "-ted" o "-ded"
y se le añade una sílaba en la pronunciación
No se pronuncia la "e" en la terminación "-ed".
La terminación "-ed" se pronuncia "t" o"d". La diferencia de estas terminaciones es muy leve
Pronunciamos la "e" en la terminación "-ed" cuando hay "t" o "d" antes de ella
Ej.: wanted / ended/ Estos verbos terminados en "-ed" se pronuncia "id"
La terminación "-ed" se pronuncia "t" o"d". La diferencia de estas terminaciones es muy leve
Pronunciamos la "e" en la terminación "-ed" cuando hay "t" o "d" antes de ella
Ej.: wanted / ended/ Estos verbos terminados en "-ed" se pronuncia "id"
- Do you live in Bilbao? | Where do you live? | What happened?
AUX SUBJ MAIN | AUX SUBJ MAIN | SUBJ MAIN PAST
Cuando el sujeto es WHAT no se acompaña de AUX, al no tener axuliar el verbo en pasado
Cuando la información nueva es la que define el sujeto Who came yesterday? Maria came
al no utilizar el auxiliar el verbo se pone pone en pasado
AUX SUBJ MAIN | AUX SUBJ MAIN | SUBJ MAIN PAST
Cuando el sujeto es WHAT no se acompaña de AUX, al no tener axuliar el verbo en pasado
Cuando la información nueva es la que define el sujeto Who came yesterday? Maria came
al no utilizar el auxiliar el verbo se pone pone en pasado
* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag. 128. 2B Past continuous: was/ were + verb + -ing
- Usamos el pasado continuo para describir las acciones que se desarrollaron
en un momento determinado del pasado.
- A menudo usamos el pasado continuo para describir la acción al comienzo de una narración
- Usamos el presente continuo para describir hechos que han ocurrido,
a la vez que también utilizamos acciones del pasado simple
Ej.: I was having luch when my sister arrived
PAST CONT PAST SIMPLE
- Normas gramaticales
Afir: I/He/She/It WAS WORKING You/ We/ They WERE WORKING
Neg: WASN'T WORKING WEREN'T WORKING
Int: WAS he WORKING? Posi: Yes, he WAS Neg.: No, he WASN'T
WERE they WORKING? Yes, they WERE No, they WEREN'T
- PRESENT CONTINUOUS= to be (present) + verb -ing
PAST CONTINUOUS= to be (past) + verb -ing
- Usamos el pasado continuo para describir las acciones que se desarrollaron
en un momento determinado del pasado.
- A menudo usamos el pasado continuo para describir la acción al comienzo de una narración
- Usamos el presente continuo para describir hechos que han ocurrido,
a la vez que también utilizamos acciones del pasado simple
Ej.: I was having luch when my sister arrived
PAST CONT PAST SIMPLE
- Normas gramaticales
Afir: I/He/She/It WAS WORKING You/ We/ They WERE WORKING
Neg: WASN'T WORKING WEREN'T WORKING
Int: WAS he WORKING? Posi: Yes, he WAS Neg.: No, he WASN'T
WERE they WORKING? Yes, they WERE No, they WEREN'T
- PRESENT CONTINUOUS= to be (present) + verb -ing
PAST CONTINUOUS= to be (past) + verb -ing
- Question Tag = Tag question
Es una expresión que confirma o no si lo que se dice es cierto.
Se forma con un Auxiliar + Sujeto
Si la pregunta es afirmativa, la coletilla es negativa
Si la pregunta es negativa, la coletilla es afirmativa
Ej.: We´ve already met, haven't we? We´ve already met, haven't we?
│ │ │
QUESTION TAG AUX SUBJ
Es una expresión que confirma o no si lo que se dice es cierto.
Se forma con un Auxiliar + Sujeto
Si la pregunta es afirmativa, la coletilla es negativa
Si la pregunta es negativa, la coletilla es afirmativa
Ej.: We´ve already met, haven't we? We´ve already met, haven't we?
│ │ │
QUESTION TAG AUX SUBJ
- Shall and Must Auxiliar Modal. NUNCA FUTURO
shall indica petición, requerir u ofrecerse a realizar alguna acción verbal.
Habitualmente aparece en frases interrogativas.
Ej.: What shall I say to her? = Que le digo a ella? / What do I say? = Qué digo?
│ │
modal auxiliary present simple
must indica obligación, deber de realizar alguna acción, va seguido de infinitivo sinTO
Ej.: She must come
│
Modal aux
shall indica petición, requerir u ofrecerse a realizar alguna acción verbal.
Habitualmente aparece en frases interrogativas.
Ej.: What shall I say to her? = Que le digo a ella? / What do I say? = Qué digo?
│ │
modal auxiliary present simple
must indica obligación, deber de realizar alguna acción, va seguido de infinitivo sin
Ej.: She must come
│
Modal aux
LOS MODAL VERBS van seguidos de infinitivo sin
Ej.: We must talk about Benedick and how much he loves Beatrice
Debemos que hablar acerca de Benedick y cuanto Benedick quiere a Beatrice
Tenemos
how much - subject verb = cuánto?
Shall are tell Beatrice? = Se lo decimos a Beatrice?
we musn't tell her = No debemos decirle a ella.
- As long as = todo el tiempo que
tanto tiempo como
Ej.: Stay as long as you want = quédate │ todo el tiempo que quieras
│ tanto tiempo como quieras
│ todo lo que quieras
Infinitivo sin TO = Imperativo
Superiority ---- inferority ---- equiality
more/ more than less as long as
long hace referencia a time = tiempo
Ej.: How long does the class last?
- Let's = let us + infinitivo sin TO FORMA EL IMPERATIVO
Ej.: Let´s go to a pub/ Let's buy the magazine
Let's see if we can find any criminals = Vamos a ver si podemos encontrar algún delincuente
Ej.: Let´s go to a pub/ Let's buy the magazine
Let's see if we can find any criminals = Vamos a ver si podemos encontrar algún delincuente
- cross= verb (walk, run, go) + across
│go │
Ej.: cross (the road) = to│walk │ across (the road)
│run │
│go │
Ej.: cross (the road) = to│walk │ across (the road)
│run │
- Utilizamos am/is/are going to ... para el futuro
- Utilizamos el presente continuo para el futuro,cuando hacemos planes de algo
y cuando predecimos un hecho cierto
- Utilizamos el presente continuo para el futuro,cuando hacemos planes de algo
y cuando predecimos un hecho cierto
- Formas de futuro
I'm going to come at Bilbao = I'm coming to Bilbao
- Present continuous(progressive) es tiempo de futuro to be + verb-ing.
│ │
aux main Ej.What are you doing?
- Future= be going to + infinitive (plan or prediction)
Ej.: She's going to study German ---- plans (future) ----- plan sin detalle
It's going to rain ------------------ prediction (future)- arrangement con detalle
Present Continuous (progressive) con sentido de futuro
│ │
tense time
I'm going to come at Bilbao = I'm coming to Bilbao
- Present continuous(progressive) es tiempo de futuro to be + verb-ing.
│ │
aux main Ej.What are you doing?
- Future= be going to + infinitive (plan or prediction)
Ej.: She's going to study German ---- plans (future) ----- plan sin detalle
It's going to rain ------------------ prediction (future)- arrangement con detalle
Present Continuous (progressive) con sentido de futuro
│ │
tense time
* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag. 130. 3B Present continuous (future arrangements)
- A menudo usamos el presente continuo con un sentido de futuro, en especial para referirnos
a planes futuros, o planes que hemos fijado un tiempo o lugar en el futuro para realizarlos.
Ej.: I'm seeing a friend tonight / She isn't leaving until Friday/ What are you doing this evening?
- NUNCA usamos el presente simple para expresar nuestros planes de futuro
- BE GOING TO o present continuo?Se pueden usar para las dos formas sin variar
su significado
Ej.: I'm going to see Anna on Tuesday ---- I'm seeing Anna on Tuesday
- Es frecuente utilizar el presente continuo con las expresiones tonight, tomorrow,
this weekend y con verbos que describen planes de viaje (go, come. leave, arrive)
Ej.: I'm leaving on Monday es más normal que I'm going to leave on Monday
- A menudo usamos el presente continuo con un sentido de futuro, en especial para referirnos
a planes futuros, o planes que hemos fijado un tiempo o lugar en el futuro para realizarlos.
Ej.: I'm seeing a friend tonight / She isn't leaving until Friday/ What are you doing this evening?
- NUNCA usamos el presente simple para expresar nuestros planes de futuro
- BE GOING TO o present continuo?Se pueden usar para las dos formas sin variar
su significado
Ej.: I'm going to see Anna on Tuesday ---- I'm seeing Anna on Tuesday
- Es frecuente utilizar el presente continuo con las expresiones tonight, tomorrow,
this weekend y con verbos que describen planes de viaje (go, come. leave, arrive)
Ej.: I'm leaving on Monday es más normal que I'm going to leave on Monday
- Cuando NO USAMOS un verbo con terminación -ING junto con el verbo TO LIKE
To LIKE + │ - NOUN PHRASE He like football
│ I like your black dress
│
│- ING He likes playing football
│
│- TO INFINITIVE He likes to play football
│
│ He would │ like to play football
│ He'd │
To LIKE + │ - NOUN PHRASE He like football
│ I like your black dress
│
│- ING He likes playing football
│
│- TO INFINITIVE He likes to play football
│
│ He would │ like to play football
│ He'd │
- TO │watch │ siempre con TO Ej.: You watch to the window, there is a bird
│listen │ You listen to radio, it says a important news
- TO search │= buscar. Ej: To search for something
TO look for │ To look for something
│listen │ You listen to radio, it says a important news
- TO search │= buscar. Ej: To search for something
TO look for │ To look for something
* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag 132. 4 PRESENT PERFECT
- Usamos el present perfect:
- cuando hablamos acerca de un pasado reciente,
pero sin decir exactamente cuando ocurrió la acción. Ej.: I've finished my homework
- usamos el present perfect cuando queremos dar una noticia. Ej: Mary's had her baby!
- Form: (subject) "to have" (in present) + past participle
auxiliary main verb
- Para los verbos regulares el past participle es el mismo que el past simple (+ -ed)
Ej: finish (inf.) --- finished (past simple) --- finished (past participle)
Para los verbos irregulares el past participle algunas veces es el mismo que el past simple
y otras veces son diferentes.
Ej.: buy (inf) --- bought (past simple) --- bought (past participle)
do (inf) --- did (past simple) --- done (past participle)
- Grammar rules
full form contration negative past participle
I have I've I haven't │
You have You've You haven't │ finished the exercise
He/she/it has He/ she/ it's He/she/ it hasn't │
We have We've We haven't │
They have They've They haven't │
Interrogative Afirmative / Negative
Have you finished the exercise? Yes, I have / No, I haven't
Has he done the homework? Yes, he has / No, he hasn't
- Usamos el present perfect:
- cuando hablamos acerca de un pasado reciente,
pero sin decir exactamente cuando ocurrió la acción. Ej.: I've finished my homework
- usamos el present perfect cuando queremos dar una noticia. Ej: Mary's had her baby!
- Form: (subject) "to have" (in present) + past participle
auxiliary main verb
- Para los verbos regulares el past participle es el mismo que el past simple (+ -ed)
Ej: finish (inf.) --- finished (past simple) --- finished (past participle)
Para los verbos irregulares el past participle algunas veces es el mismo que el past simple
y otras veces son diferentes.
Ej.: buy (inf) --- bought (past simple) --- bought (past participle)
do (inf) --- did (past simple) --- done (past participle)
- Grammar rules
full form contration negative past participle
I have I've I haven't │
You have You've You haven't │ finished the exercise
He/she/it has He/ she/ it's He/she/ it hasn't │
We have We've We haven't │
They have They've They haven't │
Interrogative Afirmative / Negative
Have you finished the exercise? Yes, I have / No, I haven't
Has he done the homework? Yes, he has / No, he hasn't
(PAST SIMPLE) (PAST) (PRESENT PERFECT)
Everyday Last week Lately
Everyday Last week Lately
- Present Perfect grammar rules:
Subject + Aux + Verb main past partic.│Aux + Subject + Past Participle? (irregular verbs)
You have/haven't spoken Have you spoken?
Subjet + Aux + Verb -ed │ Aux + Subject + Verb -ed (regular verbs)
You have/haven't finished Have you finished ?
Subject + Aux + Verb main past partic.│Aux + Subject + Past Participle? (irregular verbs)
You have/haven't spoken Have you spoken?
Subjet + Aux + Verb -ed │ Aux + Subject + Verb -ed (regular verbs)
You have/haven't finished Have you finished ?
- Diferencia entre He's/ She's/ It's (he is, she is, it is) y He's/ she's/ it's (he has, she has, it has)
He's/ she's/ it's + nex verb terminado en ing (He is/ she is/ it is) TO BE
He's/ she's/ it's + nex verb past participle (He has/ she has/ it has) TO HAVE
He's/ she's/ it's + nex verb terminado en ing (He is/ she is/ it is) TO BE
He's/ she's/ it's + nex verb past participle (He has/ she has/ it has) TO HAVE
- Pretérito perfecto (esp) = ocurrido recientemente [ PAST SIMPLE english]
[me ha dicho, me ha hecho]
[me ha dicho, me ha hecho]
* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag. 132. 4B present perfect or past simple?
- Present perfect Se forma to HAVE "present" + "Past participle"
auxiliar main verb
- Usamos el present perfect para hablar acerca de hechos pasados,
cuando no conocemos o especificamos el tiempo Ej.: I've never met
- Las conversaciones a menudo comienzan en present perfect (con una pregunta en general) y
luego se cambia a pasado simple para responder o dar detalles específicos,
porque se SABE YA cuando ocurrió los hechos que se relatan.
Ej.: have you ever been to Mexico? Yes, I have/ When did you go there?/ I went last year
- Cuando se forman las preguntas con When, what, where, who, with,
se utiliza PAST SIMPLE
- Diferencias entre been and gone
│gone - expresa haber ido y haberse quedado en el lugar │
To go - went │ │+ to
│been - expresa haber ido y haber vuelto │
Ej.: Mike has been to Paris = He went to Paris and came back
Mike has gone to Paris = He's in Paris now
- Present perfect Se forma to HAVE "present" + "Past participle"
auxiliar main verb
- Usamos el present perfect para hablar acerca de hechos pasados,
cuando no conocemos o especificamos el tiempo Ej.: I've never met
- Las conversaciones a menudo comienzan en present perfect (con una pregunta en general) y
luego se cambia a pasado simple para responder o dar detalles específicos,
porque se SABE YA cuando ocurrió los hechos que se relatan.
Ej.: have you ever been to Mexico? Yes, I have/ When did you go there?/ I went last year
- Cuando se forman las preguntas con When, what, where, who, with,
se utiliza PAST SIMPLE
- Diferencias entre been and gone
│gone - expresa haber ido y haberse quedado en el lugar │
To go - went │ │+ to
│been - expresa haber ido y haber vuelto │
Ej.: Mike has been to Paris = He went to Paris and came back
Mike has gone to Paris = He's in Paris now
- GRAMMAR in USE. Unit 17. Have you ever...? (present perfect 3)
- Usamos el present perfect (have + verb past participle) cuando hablamos de un hecho
que su acción comienz en el pasado y dura hasta el momento actual
Ej.: Have you been to France? / I have seen thar woman before, but I can't remember where
- present perfect + ever (in questions) and never.
ever= alguna vez / never= nunca Siempre se coloca delante del verbo principal.
Ej.: Has Ann ever been in Australia? / I have never ridden a horse
- gone and been
he has gone = el ha ido pero aún no ha regresado, o sigue en el sitio que hace referencia
he has been= el ha ido pero ya ha vuelto al lugar o sitio de origen desde el que se habla
- Usamos el present perfect (have + verb past participle) cuando hablamos de un hecho
que su acción comienz en el pasado y dura hasta el momento actual
Ej.: Have you been to France? / I have seen thar woman before, but I can't remember where
- present perfect + ever (in questions) and never.
ever= alguna vez / never= nunca Siempre se coloca delante del verbo principal.
Ej.: Has Ann ever been in Australia? / I have never ridden a horse
- gone and been
he has gone = el ha ido pero aún no ha regresado, o sigue en el sitio que hace referencia
he has been= el ha ido pero ya ha vuelto al lugar o sitio de origen desde el que se habla
- GRAMMAR in USE. Unit 20. I have done (present perfect) and I did (past)
- Cuando nos referimos a un tiempo pasado ya terminado, se utiliza el past
Ej: We arrived yesterday / we arrived last week / we arrived at 3 o'clock
- NUNCA usamos el present perfect para referirnos a un hecho acabado
Ej: I saw Paula yesterday / Where were you on Sunday afternoon? / I stayed at home
- Utilizamos el pasado SIEMPRE con WHEN....? ó WHAT TIME...?
Ej: When did you buy your computer? / What time did Andy go out?
- El present perfect hace referencia al periodo comprendido entre un hecho pasado
y que puede continuar dicha acción o hecho hasta el momento actual
Ej: I have lost my key / Have you seen Kate? / Have you ever been to Spain?
- El pasado siempre hace referencia a un hecho o acción ocurrida en el pasado y ya TERMINADA
Ej.: I lost my key last week / Did you see Kate on Saturday?/ Did you go to Spain last year?
- Cuando nos referimos a un tiempo pasado ya terminado, se utiliza el past
Ej: We arrived yesterday / we arrived last week / we arrived at 3 o'clock
- NUNCA usamos el present perfect para referirnos a un hecho acabado
Ej: I saw Paula yesterday / Where were you on Sunday afternoon? / I stayed at home
- Utilizamos el pasado SIEMPRE con WHEN....? ó WHAT TIME...?
Ej: When did you buy your computer? / What time did Andy go out?
- El present perfect hace referencia al periodo comprendido entre un hecho pasado
y que puede continuar dicha acción o hecho hasta el momento actual
Ej: I have lost my key / Have you seen Kate? / Have you ever been to Spain?
- El pasado siempre hace referencia a un hecho o acción ocurrida en el pasado y ya TERMINADA
Ej.: I lost my key last week / Did you see Kate on Saturday?/ Did you go to Spain last year?
- Forma BEEN TO + place
│ been │ He's │ been to Italy twice
has/ have │ │to + place │gone to Italy and he'll come back soon
│gone │
has/ have been to+ verb = INCORRECTO Ej.: He's been to teach in Italy
has/ have gone to + verb = CORRECTO Ej: He's gone to teach in Italy
- Present perfect es similar al pretérito perfecto, PERO NO ES IGUAL.
Present perfect CONECTA el PASADO HASTA el momento ACTUAL
- Present Perfect refers to:
a) Something that happened in the past, even it if finished, if the specific time
when it happened isn't mentioned
Ej.: Have you ever seen the Queen?. Yes, I 've seen her many times
b) Something that started in the past but it has NOT finished
Ej.: I've been a teach for 36 years. I've worked here since 1994
│ been │ He's │ been to Italy twice
has/ have │ │to + place │gone to Italy and he'll come back soon
│gone │
has/ have gone to + verb = CORRECTO Ej: He's gone to teach in Italy
- Present perfect es similar al pretérito perfecto, PERO NO ES IGUAL.
Present perfect CONECTA el PASADO HASTA el momento ACTUAL
- Present Perfect refers to:
a) Something that happened in the past, even it if finished, if the specific time
when it happened isn't mentioned
Ej.: Have you ever seen the Queen?. Yes, I 've seen her many times
b) Something that started in the past but it has NOT finished
Ej.: I've been a teach for 36 years. I've worked here since 1994
- MAY BE = indica posibilidad, puede que sean
may ( verb Modal Auxiliary) = Aparece antes del sujeto en la pregunta modal,
- indicates possibility
- is followed by to infinitive (without TO)
- No cambia con los sujetos verbales
- Doesn't have an -s for a 3rd person singular subject.
Ej.: If he doesn't answer the phone, he may be asleep.
may ( verb Modal Auxiliary) = Aparece antes del sujeto en la pregunta modal,
- indicates possibility
- is followed by to infinitive (without TO)
- No cambia con los sujetos verbales
- Doesn't have an -s for a 3rd person singular subject.
Ej.: If he doesn't answer the phone, he may be asleep.
- El infinitivo es la forma base del verbo. A menudo lo usamos con TO.
Puede ser positivo o negativo. Ej. POSITIVE To be / NEGATIVE not To be
- Usamos el infinitivo con to en los siguientes casos:
1- Después de algunos verbos. Recordar las formas verbales. Pag. 158
Ej.: I need to buy some new clothes / Try not to talk about politics
2- Después de adjetivos
Ej.: It'll be nice to meet your parents / It's important not to be late
3- Después de las palabras que hace referencia a preguntas What, where, when, etc
Ej.: I don't know where to go or what to do?
4- Para decir porqué hacemos algo
Ej: Why did you go to the party? To meet new people. I went to the party to meet new people
│
reason purpose
- IMPORTANTE RECORDAR que nosotros utilizamos el infinitivo sin "TO":
1- después de verbos auxiliares (do/ does/ didn't )
2- después de la mayoria de los verbos modales (can, could, will, would, etc.)
Ej.: Do you live near here? / Can you help me? / I won't forget / What would you do?
- To try + to infinitive. Ej,: He tried to help me / He didn't try to help me
Ej.: he tried to make some strange sounds
1- he didn't try to make any strange sounds
2- he tried not to make any strange sounds
- This verbs go follow with TO + INFINITIVE
to promise │
to remember │
to try │
to forget │ TO + INFINITIVE
to plan │
to need │
to pretend │
to start │
- Show me how to use this machine = enséñame │ a usar │ esta máquina
│como se usa │
to promise │
to remember │
to try │
to forget │ TO + INFINITIVE
to plan │
to need │
to pretend │
to start │
- Show me how to use this machine = enséñame │ a usar │ esta máquina
│como se usa │
- Present Perfect + SINCE or FOR
Diferencia entre estas frases:
1- I started working for the EOI in Bilbao in 1994 --- Se realizó en el pasado pero no continua
│
Past simple
2- I've worked for the EOI in Bilbao since 1994 --Comenzó en el pasado, aún todavia continua
│ │
Present Perfect since follow by the moment when something started
CONECT THE PAST AT THE PRESENT
3- I've worked for the EOI in Bilbao for 23 years
│ │
Present Perfect for se utiliza para un periodo de tiempo.
FOR + periodo de tiempo
FROM+ ... + TO ...
- place Ej. I went running from Pl. Circular to Pl. Moyua
- time Ej. I work in the office from 9 to 5
* THE ACTION FOR WORKING APPEARS IN THE PRESENT PERFECT,
IT STILL COTINUES AT PRESENT in sentences 2 - 3
4- I've seen this film before │
│ │
Present Perfect │
│► The action doesn't continue in the present
5- I've already done my homework │
│ │ │
Present Perfect │
6- I've seen this film last year │
│ │► Adverbio de tiempo # Present perfect.
Adverbio de tiempo │ When es incompatible con el present perfect
* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag. 142. 9C Present perfect or Past simple?
- Usamos el past simple cuando nos hablamos de un periodo de tiempo terminado en el pasado
Ej: How long was Bob Marley a musician? --- He was a musician for twenty years
- Usamos el present perfect para hablar de un periodo de tiempo comenzado en el pasado
pero que continua hasta ahora
Ej: How long has Ziggy Marley been a musician? -- He's been a musician since he was ten
- Comparación entre el past simple y el present perfect
Ej: Jack was married for ten years = Jack no está casado ahora. El está divorciado o muerto.
Ej. Jack has been married for ten years = Jack continua casado a dia de hoy
Diferencia entre estas frases:
1- I started working for the EOI in Bilbao in 1994 --- Se realizó en el pasado pero no continua
│
Past simple
2- I've worked for the EOI in Bilbao since 1994 --Comenzó en el pasado, aún todavia continua
│ │
Present Perfect since follow by the moment when something started
CONECT THE PAST AT THE PRESENT
3- I've worked for the EOI in Bilbao for 23 years
│ │
Present Perfect for se utiliza para un periodo de tiempo.
FOR + periodo de tiempo
FROM+ ... + TO ...
- place Ej. I went running from Pl. Circular to Pl. Moyua
- time Ej. I work in the office from 9 to 5
* THE ACTION FOR WORKING APPEARS IN THE PRESENT PERFECT,
IT STILL COTINUES AT PRESENT in sentences 2 - 3
4- I've seen this film before │
│ │
Present Perfect │
│► The action doesn't continue in the present
5- I've already done my homework │
│ │ │
Present Perfect │
6- I've
│ │► Adverbio de tiempo # Present perfect.
Adverbio de tiempo │ When es incompatible con el present perfect
* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag. 142. 9C Present perfect or Past simple?
- Usamos el past simple cuando nos hablamos de un periodo de tiempo terminado en el pasado
Ej: How long was Bob Marley a musician? --- He was a musician for twenty years
- Usamos el present perfect para hablar de un periodo de tiempo comenzado en el pasado
pero que continua hasta ahora
Ej: How long has Ziggy Marley been a musician? -- He's been a musician since he was ten
- Comparación entre el past simple y el present perfect
Ej: Jack was married for ten years = Jack no está casado ahora. El está divorciado o muerto.
Ej. Jack has been married for ten years = Jack continua casado a dia de hoy
* PASSIVE: BE + PAST PARTICIPLE
Oxford University Press publishes a lot of English coursebooks
│ │ │
subject verb Object Direct
A lot of English coursebooks are published by Oxford University Press
│
Agent
Construcción de SETENCE PASSIVE:
subject + "to be" + main verb + by .................... )
│ │ │
present or past past participle agent
Ej.: Hamlet was written in the 17th century ---- agent no es necesario
* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag. 144. 10A Passive: be + past participle
- Present= afirmativa IS/ARE + PAST PARTICIPLE.
Ej. Kevlar is used to make bullet-proof vests
negativa ISN'T/ AREN'T + PAST PARTICIPLE
Ej. Tippex isn't used very much today
interrogativa IS/ ARE + SUBJECT + PAST PARTICIPLE
Ej. Are disposable nappies used all over the world?
- Past= afirmativa WAS/ WERE + PAST PARTICIPLE
Ej. The dishwasher was invented by Josephine Cochrane
negativa WASN'T/ WEREN'T + PAST PARTICIPLE
Ej. Windscreen wipers weren't invented until 1903
interrogativa WAS/ WERE + SUBJECT + PAST PARTICIPLE
Ej. When was the washing machine invented?
- Podemos decir las cosas de dos formas: en ACTIVA o PASIVA
- En las frases en ACTIVA hace referencia al sujeto que realiza la acción
Ej. Josephine Cochrane invented the dishwasher
PASIVA hace referencia al objeto que resulta de la acción
Ej. The dishwasher was invented by Josephine Cochrane
- Usamos la forma PASIVA cuando no conocemos o no es importante quien hace o hizo la acción
Ej. My car was stolen last week / Volvo cars are made in Sweden
- Usamos BY para referirnos a quien hizo la acción
Ej.: The Lord of the Tings was written by Tolkien
Oxford University Press publishes a lot of English coursebooks
│ │ │
subject verb Object Direct
A lot of English coursebooks are published by Oxford University Press
│
Agent
Construcción de SETENCE PASSIVE:
subject + "to be" + main verb + by .................... )
│ │ │
present or past past participle agent
Ej.: Hamlet was written in the 17th century ---- agent no es necesario
* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag. 144. 10A Passive: be + past participle
- Present= afirmativa IS/ARE + PAST PARTICIPLE.
Ej. Kevlar is used to make bullet-proof vests
negativa ISN'T/ AREN'T + PAST PARTICIPLE
Ej. Tippex isn't used very much today
interrogativa IS/ ARE + SUBJECT + PAST PARTICIPLE
Ej. Are disposable nappies used all over the world?
- Past= afirmativa WAS/ WERE + PAST PARTICIPLE
Ej. The dishwasher was invented by Josephine Cochrane
negativa WASN'T/ WEREN'T + PAST PARTICIPLE
Ej. Windscreen wipers weren't invented until 1903
interrogativa WAS/ WERE + SUBJECT + PAST PARTICIPLE
Ej. When was the washing machine invented?
- Podemos decir las cosas de dos formas: en ACTIVA o PASIVA
- En las frases en ACTIVA hace referencia al sujeto que realiza la acción
Ej. Josephine Cochrane invented the dishwasher
PASIVA hace referencia al objeto que resulta de la acción
Ej. The dishwasher was invented by Josephine Cochrane
- Usamos la forma PASIVA cuando no conocemos o no es importante quien hace o hizo la acción
Ej. My car was stolen last week / Volvo cars are made in Sweden
- Usamos BY para referirnos a quien hizo la acción
Ej.: The Lord of the Tings was written by Tolkien
* SECOND CONDITIONAL: if + past, would/wouldn't
If I won the lottery at Christmas, I would buy a car
would se utiliza para situaciones que no son muy probables.
Cambia el tiempo en la parte de la oración If siendo en este condicional el verbo en pasado.
- Tipos de condicionales:
│ a) future
If ..... present, ......│ b) present
│ c) imperative
a) future -- If win the lottery, I'll buy you a present
present -- If you don't sleep for a week, you die
imperative -- If you see Peter, tell him I want to speak to him
- Second conditional
If + SUBJECT + PAST SIMPLE........, SUBJECT + "WOULD" +TO INFINITIVE
│
modal
- The speak express the idea that something ins't very probable, or it's even impossible
Ej. If I won a lottery Christmas, I would buy a car / If I saw a ghost,│I would │be terrified
│I'd │
- IF and will opposite parts
would opposite parts
* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag. 142. 9A. Second conditional: if+ past, would/wouldn't
- Usamos IF+PAST para hablar de algo imaginario o una hipotética situación y
WOULD / WOULDN'T + VERB para decir la consecuencia de dicha acción
- WOULD / WOULDN'T siempre es de la misma forma para todas las personas
I/YOU/HE/SHE/IT/WE/THEY WOULD/WOULDN'T
- Si IF es la primera oración utilizamos una coma antes de la siguiente oración
- Podemos usar COULD +TO INFINITIVE en lugar de WOULD + TO INFINITIVE
en la otra oración.
- Con el verbo TO BE podemos usar WERE después de I/ HE/ SHE / IT
- Usamos esta forma del segundo condicional para dar consejo sobre algo.
- Usamos el PRIMER CONDICIONAL para situaciones de FUTURO
- Usamos el SEGUNDO CONDICIONAL para situaciones IMAGINARIAS o HIPOTETICAS
If I won the lottery at Christmas, I would buy a car
would se utiliza para situaciones que no son muy probables.
Cambia el tiempo en la parte de la oración If siendo en este condicional el verbo en pasado.
- Tipos de condicionales:
│ a) future
If ..... present, ......│ b) present
│ c) imperative
a) future -- If win the lottery, I'll buy you a present
present -- If you don't sleep for a week, you die
imperative -- If you see Peter, tell him I want to speak to him
- Second conditional
If + SUBJECT + PAST SIMPLE........, SUBJECT + "WOULD" +
│
modal
- The speak express the idea that something ins't very probable, or it's even impossible
Ej. If I won a lottery Christmas, I would buy a car / If I saw a ghost,│I would │be terrified
│I'd │
- IF and will opposite parts
would opposite parts
* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag. 142. 9A. Second conditional: if+ past, would/wouldn't
- Usamos IF+PAST para hablar de algo imaginario o una hipotética situación y
WOULD / WOULDN'T + VERB para decir la consecuencia de dicha acción
- WOULD / WOULDN'T siempre es de la misma forma para todas las personas
I/YOU/HE/SHE/IT/WE/THEY WOULD/WOULDN'T
- Si IF es la primera oración utilizamos una coma antes de la siguiente oración
- Podemos usar COULD +
en la otra oración.
- Con el verbo TO BE podemos usar WERE después de I/ HE/ SHE / IT
- Usamos esta forma del segundo condicional para dar consejo sobre algo.
- Usamos el PRIMER CONDICIONAL para situaciones de FUTURO
- Usamos el SEGUNDO CONDICIONAL para situaciones IMAGINARIAS o HIPOTETICAS
* ANNOTATIONS
- WOULD= .....ría / gustaría / COULD= podría
- WOULD= .....ría / gustaría / COULD= podría
* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag. 140. 8A should / shouldn't
If I were you, I'd stop smoking
- Como dar un consejo
If you want to feel healthier │ - you should + (to infinitive)
│ - why don't go...?
│- you could try to...?
- should = debería
- Utilizamos SHOULD/ SHOULDN'T + VERB (sin to) - para dar a alguien un consejo
- decir lo que crees que está bien hacer
- SHOULD/ SHOULDN'T es de la misma forma para todas las personas
I/ YOU/ HE/ SHE/ IT/ WE/ THEY SHOULD/ SHOULDN'T
- Con el verbo THINK el negativo se hace con el verbo THINK en lugar de con SHOULD
Ej. I think you should.... I don't think you should
- Podemos usar OUGHT TO / OUGHT NOT TO en lugar de SHOULD / SHOULDN'T
Ej: You ought to wear a suit / He ought not to work so hard
If I were you, I'd stop smoking
- Como dar un consejo
If you want to feel healthier │ - you should + (
│ - why don't go...?
│- you could try to...?
- should = debería
- Utilizamos SHOULD/ SHOULDN'T + VERB (sin to) - para dar a alguien un consejo
- decir lo que crees que está bien hacer
- SHOULD/ SHOULDN'T es de la misma forma para todas las personas
I/ YOU/ HE/ SHE/ IT/ WE/ THEY SHOULD/ SHOULDN'T
- Con el verbo THINK el negativo se hace con el verbo THINK en lugar de con SHOULD
Ej. I think you should.... I don't think you should
- Podemos usar OUGHT TO / OUGHT NOT TO en lugar de SHOULD / SHOULDN'T
Ej: You ought to wear a suit / He ought not to work so hard
* TO WANT +
To want + │ - noun Phrase - He wants a new car (Do you want a new car? ) Yes, I want│it
│ │ │ │ one
│ noun Phrase noun Phrase
│
│ - Inifinitive - He wants to buy a new car (Do you want to buy a new car?
│ │ Yes, I want to
│ Object direct
Hace función de verbo transitivo. TO reemplaza a la frase a la que hace objeto
To want + │ - noun Phrase - He wants a new car (Do you want a new car? ) Yes, I want│it
│ │ │ │ one
│ noun Phrase noun Phrase
│
│ - Inifinitive - He wants to buy a new car (Do you want to buy a new car?
│ │ Yes, I want to
│ Object direct
Hace función de verbo transitivo. TO reemplaza a la frase a la que hace objeto
USED TO: - express habit in the past
- it's followed by "to infinitive"
- it's a main verb so the corresponding question and negative
sentences need the auxiliary "TO DO"
Hace función de Pretérito Imperfecto = Use to
It can be translated into Spanish as:
a) solia + verbo into INFINITIVE
b) verb into - INFINITIVE in English as a Pretérito Imperfecto
When I was a child │ I used to visiting grand mother every weekend --- habitual
│ (visitaba / solia visitar)
│
│ I visited my grandmother (before she died) --- ocasional
│ (visité)
- it's followed by "to infinitive"
- it's a main verb so the corresponding question and negative
sentences need the auxiliary "TO DO"
Hace función de Pretérito Imperfecto = Use to
It can be translated into Spanish as:
a) solia + verbo into INFINITIVE
b) verb into - INFINITIVE in English as a Pretérito Imperfecto
When I was a child │ I used to visiting grand mother every weekend --- habitual
│ (visitaba / solia visitar)
│
│ I visited my grandmother (before she died) --- ocasional
│ (visité)
* MUST
- is a modal (auxiliary)
- is followed byTO INFINITY (without TO)
- No -s for 3rd person singular subject
- indicates obligation
- El orden de Subject + verb puede ser cambiado Verb + Subject
Ej.: He must come to work at 8.00 am ó Must he come to work at 8.00 am
- La forma negativa:
must not │ The negative of "must" indicated PROHIBITION
mustn't │
Ej. He mustn't bring his dog to work
* HAVE TO
Main verb
- is not an auxiliary (so it needs "don't/ doesn't ",
didn't to form the negative or interrogative sentences)
- indicates obligation
He has to come to work at 8.00 am
Does he have to come to work...?
Don't / doesn't/ didn't have to...
- indicate absence of obligation. Is not prohibition
He doesn't have to come to work at 7.00
* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag. 138. 7C have to , don¡t have to, must, mustn't
TO HAVE
- Usamos have to + verb infinitive cuando nos referimos a normas u obligaciones
- Usamos don't have to + verb infinitive para decir que no hay obligación o algo no es necesario
- Usamos do/ does para hacer frases interrrogativas o negativas
- Nunca se contrae have o has
TO MUST
- Usamos must + verb (infinitivo sin to) para referirnos a normas y obligaciones-
- Must / mustn't es la misma forma para todas las personas
- Usamos mustn't + verb (infinitivo sin to) cuando nos referimos a algo que está prohibido
TO HAVE / TO MUST
- Usamos have to para referirnos a una obligación general
- Usamos must para referirnos a una obligación personal, el hablante impone su idea
- Mustn't hace referencia siempre a prohibir
- Don't have recomienda, pero no prohibe
- A menudo usamos to have y must con el impersonal you (gente en general)
* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag. 139. 7C
a) 1- Janice has to study very hard - she has exams soon/
2- You have to wear uniform to be a policeman/
3- Does your sister have to go to London for her job interview?/
4- You have to get up early tomorroe. Our flight leaves at 6.30/
6- Harry doesn't have to work today-his shop is closed/
7- I have to go now. It's very late/ 8- Do we have go to bed? It's only 10 o'clock!
- is a modal (auxiliary)
- is followed by
- No -s for 3rd person singular subject
- indicates obligation
- El orden de Subject + verb puede ser cambiado Verb + Subject
Ej.: He must come to work at 8.00 am ó Must he come to work at 8.00 am
- La forma negativa:
must not │ The negative of "must" indicated PROHIBITION
mustn't │
Ej. He mustn't bring his dog to work
* HAVE TO
Main verb
- is not an auxiliary (so it needs "don't/ doesn't ",
didn't to form the negative or interrogative sentences)
- indicates obligation
He has to come to work at 8.00 am
Does he have to come to work...?
Don't / doesn't/ didn't have to...
- indicate absence of obligation. Is not prohibition
He doesn't have to come to work at 7.00
* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag. 138. 7C have to , don¡t have to, must, mustn't
TO HAVE
- Usamos have to + verb infinitive cuando nos referimos a normas u obligaciones
- Usamos don't have to + verb infinitive para decir que no hay obligación o algo no es necesario
- Usamos do/ does para hacer frases interrrogativas o negativas
- Nunca se contrae have o has
TO MUST
- Usamos must + verb (infinitivo sin to) para referirnos a normas y obligaciones-
- Must / mustn't es la misma forma para todas las personas
- Usamos mustn't + verb (infinitivo sin to) cuando nos referimos a algo que está prohibido
TO HAVE / TO MUST
- Usamos have to para referirnos a una obligación general
- Usamos must para referirnos a una obligación personal, el hablante impone su idea
- Mustn't hace referencia siempre a prohibir
- Don't have recomienda, pero no prohibe
- A menudo usamos to have y must con el impersonal you (gente en general)
* STUDENT'S BOOK. Pag. 139. 7C
a) 1- Janice has to study very hard - she has exams soon/
2- You have to wear uniform to be a policeman/
3- Does your sister have to go to London for her job interview?/
4- You have to get up early tomorroe. Our flight leaves at 6.30/
6- Harry doesn't have to work today-his shop is closed/
7- I have to go now. It's very late/ 8- Do we have go to bed? It's only 10 o'clock!
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